How Nitrous Oxide Is Affecting the Brain and Mental Health It may not cause physical withdrawal like opioids or alcohol, but it can lead to powerful psychological dependence. Users start craving that brief euphoria, using it repeatedly until it takes a toll on the brain. Long-term nitrous oxide abuse can burn brain cells and trigger psychosis, paranoia, and hallucinations. Some users have even required hospitalization after hearing voices or losing touch with reality — all from a substance they