ISRO’s Next Generation Launch Vehicle (NGLV) is a heavy-lift, reusable launch system being developed to significantly enhance India’s payload delivery capability and reduce cost per kilogram to orbit. Designed with a modular architecture, NGLV is expected to place around 30–50 tonnes to Low Earth Orbit and support missions to LEO, GTO, lunar orbit, and future deep-space destinations. The vehicle will employ semi-cryogenic liquid propulsion in its core stage, advanced cryogenic upper stages, and